Ethics Opinion Search by Topic

This Index includes:

  • All ethics opinions released from October 2, 1988, through the present
  • Formal ethics opinions interpreting the former Michigan Code of Professional Responsibility
  • Judicial Tenure Commission Advisory Opinions
  • Michigan Supreme Court cases involving lawyer and judicial discipline
  • Essays and articles from the Michigan Bar Journal

Opinions interpreting the Michigan Rules of Professional Conduct are denoted "R" for formal opinions and "RI" for informal opinions. Opinions interpreting the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct are denoted "J" for formal opinions and "JI" for informal opinions. Formal opinions interpreting the former Michigan Code of Professional Responsibility are denoted "C". Advisory Opinions of the Judicial Tenure Commission are denoted "A/O". Articles published in the Michigan Bar Journal are cited "[volume] MBJ [page] (date)".

Copyright held by State Bar of Michigan, All Rights Reserved

Notice to Lawyers:
State Bar of Michigan ethics opinions are advisory and non-binding in nature. This index is a complete historical catalog. Some of the listed ethics opinions, though not expressly superseded in subsequent ethics opinions, may be nonetheless outmoded or no longer sound due to subsequent changes in case law, statutes, or court rules. Practitioners are urged to thoroughly research all sources to determine the current validity of any given ethics opinion.

Common Citations

The following citation abbreviations are used in this Index.

"A/O" Opinions issued by the Judicial Tenure Commission interpreting the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct
"C" Formal ethics opinions interpreting the former Michigan Code of Professional Responsibility
"CI" Informal ethics opinions interpreting the former Michigan Code of Professional Responsibility
"J" Formal ethics opinions interpreting the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct
"JI" Informal ethics opinions interpreting the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct
"MBJ" Michigan Bar Journal, monthly publication of the State Bar of Michigan
"R" Formal ethics opinions interpreting the Michigan Rules of Professional Conduct
"RI" Informal ethics opinions interpreting the Michigan Rules of Professional Conduct
"Op" Opinions interpreting the former Canons of Professional Ethics or the former Canons of Judicial Ethics.

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Index

For the researcher's convenience, this list is provided to show the topics used for indexing authorities in this volume.

Decision-Making Authority of Client

Depositions

Disability

Discharge of Lawyer by Client

Discipline, Judicial

Discipline, Lawyer

Discipline Proceedings

Discovery

Disinterested Lawyer Standard

Disposition of Judicial Campaign Funds

Disqualification, Judicial

Disqualification, Lawyer

Divestiture

Division of Fees

Domestic Relations Matters

Dual Practice

Due Process in Discipline Proceedings

Duties of Office

Decision-Making Authority of Client

Accepting arbitration of attorney fees

Advance waiver of future conflicts of interest invalid

Advancing costs through venture capital company

Arrangement to refer clients to particular real estate broker

Choice of counsel when case transferred

Choice of counsel when lawyer changes firms

Consent to negotiating settlement without counsel present

Consent to representation by spouse of opposing counsel

Consent to multiple representation

Consent to withdrawal in event of conflict

Costs advanced by venture capital company

Decision to seek legal representation after solicitation

Disabled client

Discharge of lawyer

Distribution of estate assets

Fees paid by third party

Fiduciary as client

Guardian serving as lawyer for ward

Independent counsel on arbitration of fees

Independent judgment—fees paid by third party

Insurance representation

Minor child as client

Multiple clients, consent to representation

Naming lawyer as personal representative in will

Parent's role when lawyer represents minor child

Personal representative exercising fiduciary duties

Real estate referrals

Settlement offers

Trust kit—use of intermediary with client

Using intermediary to meet with clients

Wrongful death case proceeds distribution

Depositions

Disability

Attorney duties toward

Compensation when filing protective order against client

Conservator duties toward

Decisions about representation

Decisions about settlement

Discharge of lawyer

Disclosing medical file to client

Dual capacity of guardian and lawyer for ward

Duties of lawyer toward

  •  69 MBJ 943 (Sep 1990),

Guardian duties toward

Independent corroboration of condition

Minor child as client

Petition for guardianship

Representing ward and conservator

Scope of representation

Seeking protective order for

Physical problem, unable to perform judicial duties

  •  Matter of Lawrence,
  •   417 Mich 248 (1983),

Confidentiality

  •  69 MBJ 943 (Sep 1990),

Receiver

  •  69 MBJ 241 (Mar 1990),

Notices

  •  69 MBJ 241 (Mar 1990),

Discharge of Lawyer by Client

Charging fees for withdrawal

Disabled client

Discretion of client

Effect on duty to rectify client perjury

Frivolous or tactical discharge by client

Grievance filed by current client

Lawyer changing firms

Motion for withdrawal

Multiple clients, discharged from representing some

Parent's attempt to discharge lawyer for minor child

Restriction on client's right to discharge

For-profit matching services

Discipline Proceedings

Abstention, federal

  •  Fieger v. Thomas,
  •   74 F3d 740 (Ca6 1996),
  •   Dunchock v. Higle,
  •   US Dis Ct Edmi,
  •   1996 US Dist Lexis 6631 (Edmi Unpublished 4/22/1996),
  •   Macdonald v. Gaskin,
  •   US Dist Ct Edmi,
  •   Hodari v. Michigan Attorney Grievance Comm'n,

Absence of one panel member during portion of testimony

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Roth,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),
  •   Grievance Adm'R v. Grubbs,
  •   396 Mich 275 (1976),

Authority to dismiss complaint without prejudice

  •  401 Mich 155 (1977),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Woll,

Charging fees to client for grievance defense

Conflict of interest of member of grievance prosecutorial staff

Conflict of interest of panel member

Criminal procedure rules do not apply

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Cross-examination of witnesses

  •  State Bar v. Murphy,
  •   387 Mich 632 (1972),

Delay in issuing decision

  •  403 Mich 172 (1978),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Donigan,

Delay in scheduling hearing

  •  State Bar v. Albert,
  •   390 Mich 234 (1973),

Discovery by respondent

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),

Disqualification of panel members based on judicial disqualification rules

Disqualification of panel members employed by member of discipline prosecuting authority

Disqualification of panel members under current investigation

Disqualification of panel members within third degree of advocate's law firm

"Due diligence" of prosecutor required to support dismissal without prejudice

  •  401 Mich 155 (1977),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Woll,

Examination of respondent by panelist to clarify facts

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Roth,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),

Examination of witnesses

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),
  •   State Bar v. Murphy,
  •   387 Mich 632 (1972),

Exculpatory information, access to

  •  No 97692 Mi Sup Ct (2/19/1994),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Attorney Discipline Bd.,

Ex parte discussions with panel members

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Failure to respond or appear

  •  In Re Moes,
  •   389 Mich 258 (1973),
  •   394 Mich 5 (1975),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Williams,

Findings based on edited transcript of previous proceeding

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Hostility of panel members as prejudicial

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),
  •   407 Mich 336 (1979),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Del Rio,

Judge who reports party's lawyer to discipline board may preside at party's trial

Lawyer serving as discipline hearing panel member

Panel member concurrently under discipline investigation

Panel member is employee of Grievance Commission member

Panel member related to advocate

Panel member related to member of advocate's firm

Rehearing based on new evidence

  •  In The Matter of Daggs,
  •   411 Mich 304 (1981),

Respondent's Check List

  •  74 MBJ 692 (Jul 1995),

Sanction term defined by occurrence of event

  •  402 Mich 501 (1978),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Ruebelman,

Sufficiency of complaint

  •  390 Mich 147 (1973),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Jackson,

Transcript used as substantive evidence

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Weight to be given charges dropped from complaint

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),

Eleventh Amendment

  •  Tucker v. Michigan Attorney Discipline Bd.,
  •   (Edmi 9/30/1996),

Prosecutorial

  •  Mcr 9.125,
  •   Dunchock v. Higle,
  •   US Dis Ct Edmi,

Quasi-judicial

  •  1996 US App Lexis 5727,
  •   (Unpublished Ca6 2/22/1996),
  •   Berger v. Cuyahoga County Bar Ass'N,
  •   983 F2d 718 (Ca6 1993),
  •   Cert Den 113 S Ct 2416 (1993),
  •   Eston v. Van Bolt,
  •   728 F Supp 1336 (Ed Mich 1990),

Complainant's withdrawal of complaint

  •  390 Mich 147 (1973),
  •   405 Mich 563 (1979),
  •   Reh 407 Mich 278 (1979),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. McWhorter,
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Jackson,

Failure to contact complainant

  •  402 Mich 74 (1977),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Kopp,

Rehearing based on new evidence

  •  In The Matter of Daggs,
  •   411 Mich 304 (1981),

Respondent's Check List

  •  74 MBJ 692 (Jul 1995),

Respondents right to copy of Complainant's mandamus petition

  •  406 Mich 511 (1979),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Giltner,

Selective prosecution

  •  407 Mich 336 (1979),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Del Rio,

Americans With Disabilities Act application

Due process in judicial discipline proceedings

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),

Federal court review of state proceedings

  •  Doe v. Attorney Discipline Bd.,
  •   1996 WL 78312,
  •   1996 US App Lexis 5727 (unpublished CA6 2/22/1996),
  •   Ginger v. Wayne County Circuit Court,
  •   372 F2d 612 (CA6 1967),
  •   cert den 387 US 935 (1967),

Jurisdiction over misconduct occurring after becoming judge

  •  In Re Kapcia,
  •   389 Mich 306 (1973),

Discipline, Judicial

Conditional removal from bench

  •  In Re Moes,
  •   389 Mich 258 (1973),

Conduct before becoming judge

  •  Matter of Loyd,
  •   424 Mich 514 (1986),
  •   Matter of Waterman,
  •   433 Mich 1207 (1989),

Jurisdiction over misconduct occurring before becoming judge

  •  Matter of Ryman,
  •   394 Mich 637 (1975),
  •   Leitman v. State Bar Grievance Bd.,
  •   387 Mich 596 (1972),

Misappropriation

  •  Matter of Loyd,
  •   424 Mich 514 (1986),

Neglect of legal matters

  •  Matter of Hammons,
  •   426 Mich 1225 (1986),

Review required before removal from bench

  •  In Re Kapcia,
  •   389 Mich 306 (1973),
  •   Matter of Loyd,
  •   424 Mich 514 (1986),

Discipline, Lawyer

Adult Attention Deficit Disorder

  •  Doe v. Attorney Discipline Bd.,
  •   1996 Wl 78312,
  •   1996 US App Lexis 5727 (Unpublished Ca6 2/22/1996),

Charging fees to client for grievance defense

Court-appointed receiver charging to defend grievance

Deposition taken by suspended lawyer

Disciplined lawyers, scope of permitted activity

Failure to file income tax returns

  •  Matter of Gillis,
  •   402 Mich 286 (1978),
  •   In Re Lewis,
  •   389 Mich 668 (1973),

Failure to perform when not paid

  •  In Re Daggs,
  •   384 Mich 729 (1971),

Fees for disciplined lawyer determined by quantum meruit

Forgery

  •  In Re Ryman,
  •   394 Mich 167 (1975),

Judge who formerly participated on discipline panel subsequently presiding in matter in which respondent appears as party or advocate

Law firm interest held by disciplined lawyer

Lien enforcement against client without notice

  •  73 MBJ 690 (Jul 1994),
  •   Matte of Geralds,
  •   402 Mich 387 (1978),

Partnership or shareholder interest held by disciplined lawyer

Receiver charging fees to defend grievance

Solicitation of clients through agents

  •  Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Suspended lawyer right to expenses

Suspended lawyer sharing legal fee

Unauthorized practice of law by disciplined lawyer

Discovery

Attorney charging hourly rate to submit to deposition

Charge for lawyer being deposed

"Confidential" documents, duty to return

Contacting party employees pursuant to court order

Cross-examination of client for unrelated matter

Deposing lawyer, charge for

Deposition of judicial officer

Documents disclosed in error

Former client suspected of illegal activity

Home addresses of corporate employees

Inaccurate, truthful testimony of client

Inconsistent testimony of client

Judge present in courtroom as moral support for party

Judge testifying on representation of former client

Medical records of witness obtained through client fraud

Lawyer testifying on privileged matters

  •  69 MBJ 551 (Jun 1990),

Subpoena for client information

Subpoena to nonparty

  •  74 MBJ 564 (Jun 1995),

Disinterested Lawyer Standard

Allocation issues prevent multiple representation of major and de minimis PRPs at environmental clean up site

Allocation issues prevent multiple representation of owner and generator at environmental clean up site

Assignment of collection case while still representing client

Balancing issues between clients

Client suing lawyer for malpractice

Collusion to collect insurance

Consolidation of conflicting cases on appeal

Determining whether client would be competently represented with scope of limitation in place

Dispute among clients on acceptance of mediation award

Employment situation affects lawyer's ability to pursue client's matter

lawyer's prior advice at stake

Liability of lawyer's partner

Limitation of scope in bankruptcy proceeding

Limitation of scope to obtain waiver of client conflict of interest

Medical provider client disputing bill with unrelated client

Multiple clients, criminal activity of one

Personal injury victim and owner in unrelated matters

Screening does not cure

Suing current client for fees

Testimony inconsistent with clients interests

Withdrawal required upon discovery

Disposition of Judicial Campaign Funds

Carry-over of funds to another election prohibited

  •  Matter of Lawrence,
  •   417 Mich 248 (1983),

Distribution to government committee

  •  A/O 14,

Expenditures prior to announcing candidacy

Expenditures prior to 180-day fund raising period

Family compensation for campaign work

  •  A/O 66,

Loan from previous election

  •  A/O 56,

Investiture celebration

"Office holder expense fund" improper

  •  Matter of Lawrence,
  •   417 Mich 248 (1983),

Refund of campaign expense

Reimbursing candidate from campaign funds

Repaying loans to campaign

Retiring campaign debts

Return of excess funds

  •  Matter of Lawrence,
  •   417 Mich 248 (1983),

Sponsoring athletic team

Disqualification, Judicial

Colleague judge testifying

Employer of Judge's spouse testifying

Nephew of presiding judge testifying

  •  A/O 36,

Parole officer testifying as police officer

Sheriff who has shared business interest

Staff of board on which judge sits

Personal acquaintance insufficient for judicial disqualification

Actual bias mandates disqualification of judge

  •  Adams v. Adams,
  •   100 Mich App 1 (1980),

Actual bias generally required

  •  People v. HoUSton,
  •   179 Mich App 753 (1989),
  •   Inmates v. Wayne County Executive,
  •   178 Mich App 634 (1989),

Animosity toward advocate

Appearance of bias

Appointee as advocate before appointing judge

Campaign opponent appearing before judge

Campaign Opponent's firm appearing before judge

Discipline panel member currently under discipline investigation

Employee reviewing decisions of employer

Filing grievance against lawyer appearing before hearing officer

Grievance filed by hearing officer

Judge former prosecutor

  •  People v. Hampton,
  •   184 Mich App 434 (1990),

Judge or Judge's former firm represented party as attorney within last two years

  •  Michigan Ass'N of Policy v. City of Pontiac,
  •   177 Mich App 752 (1989),

Law clerk whom "personally and substantially" participated

Law firm of part-time magistrate

Malpractice action pending against judge and former firm

Part-time magistrate with court funding unit as client

Part-time referee engaging in law practice

Party opponent appearing in unrelated matter as advocate

Perpetual recusal of judge for animosity toward advocate

Personal acquaintance insufficient for judicial disqualification

"Personal and substantial" participation

Personal lawyer of judge appearing as advocate

Presiding in cases in which employee of law firm's client appear

  •  In Re Schlossberg v. State Bar Grievance Bd.,
  •   388 Mich 389 (1972),

Probability of actual bias too high

  •  Crampton v. Department of State,
  •   395 Mich 347 (1975),

Referee who also practices law before own court

Sentences, Judge's disapproval of mandatory life sentence

  •  People v. HoUSton,
  •   179 Mich App 753 (1989),

Spouse is assistant prosecutor

Taint from exposure to data not in official record

Advocate is personal lawyer of judge

Advocate represents judge in unrelated malpractice action

Advocate formerly represented member of Judge's family

Bonus from former firm for work done prior to assuming office

Business participation

City commissioner becomes judge

Employment negotiations with advocate's firm

Financial impact of case on law firm of part-time judge

Grievance filed by party against judge

  •  Clemens v. Bruce,
  •   122 Mich App 35 (1982),
  •   Autoworkers Flint Federal Credit Union v. Rogler,
  •   32 Mich App 257 (1971),

Investment club membership by judge

Judge as member of investment club with lawyers

Malpractice action pending against judge and former firm

Presiding in cases in which employee of law firm's client appear

  •  In Re Schlossberg v. State Bar Grievance Bd.,
  •   388 Mich 389 (1972),

Prosecutor becomes judge

Retired Judge's business interests

Spouse is assistant prosecutor

Witness acquainted with judge

Board member of a nonprofit legal aid organization appearing

Business interest with advocate

Business interest with lower court judge

Campaign committee member appearing as advocate before candidate

Firm buying Judge's former practice

Investment club membership by judge

Judge as member of investment club with lawyers

Spouse is assistant prosecutor

Witness acquainted with or related to presiding judge

Witness with financial relationship to judge

Advocate from legal service organization where judge serves on board

Advocate is Judge's personal lawyer

Financial interest between judge and advocate

Judge dating party appearing before judge

Judge's spouse is assistant prosecutor

Notice and recusal unless asked to preside

Witness from organization where judge sits on board

Ex parte approach by advocate for recusal

Board member of a nonprofit legal aid organization appearing

Charitable board resignation

Disclosure of tenancy with lawyer advocate

Divestiture

Investment club membership by judge

Judge as host of commercially-sponsored program

Judge as member on investment club with lawyers

Leasing space to lawyers

Retired Judge's business participation

Seminar related to case pending before judge

Bonus from former firm for work done prior to assuming office

Business participation

Buy-out payments for law firm interest

Disclosure of business interest

  •  JI-006,
  •   People v. Perkins,
  •   193 Mich App 209 (1992),

Disqualification of judge—firm purchasing Judge's former practice

Financial interest of law firm of part-time judge

Financial interest with advocate

Financial interest with lower court judge

Financial interest with witness

Financial interest in outcome

  •  Crampton v. Department of State,
  •   395 Mich 347 (1975),

Investment club membership by judge

Judge as member of investment club with lawyers

Landlord to advocate

  •  JI-006,
  •   A/O 37,
  •   A/O 39,
  •   A/O 40,
  •   A/O 62,
  •   A/O 84,

Landlord assigned to hear landlord/tenant matters

  •  A/O 38,

Law firm buying Judge's former practice appearing before judge

Notice and recusal unless asked to preside

Partnership interest in law firm

  •  A/O 81,

Pension benefits from former firm

Real estate partners with advocate

Real estate partners with possible party

  •  A/O 110,

Receiving pension payments under independently administered plan

Sale of law books to advocate

Acquaintance of judge appearing as advocate or party

"Affinity"

  •  Bliss v. Cuille Brothers Co.,
  •   149 Mich 601 (1907),
  •   Boyer v. BackUS,
  •   282 Mich 701 (1938),
  •   Van Cleve v. Van Fossen,
  •   73 Mich 342 (1889),

Animosity toward advocate

Discipline counsel related to hearing panelist

Party in matter dates presiding judge

Firm of Judge's family members

Judge hearing case prosecuted by spouse

Judge hearing case prosecuted by spouse's firm

Lawyer appearing is personal lawyer of judge

Lawyer appearing was lawyer for Judge's family member

Nonlawyer employee of advocate related to judge

Paralegal relative of judge worked on case presented

Perpetual recusal due to animosity toward advocate

Receiving payments from independently administered pension plan

Related to advocate

Relative of judge is member or employee of law firm appearing in the matter

Reviewing decisions of spouse

Son-in-law as advocate

Spouse is assistant prosecutor

Spouse of defense lawyer testifying on behalf of prosecution

Supervising performance of spouse

Conditions meriting disqualification

Exclusive disqualification procedure found in MCR 2.003

  •  Stockler v. Rose,
  •   174 Mich App 14 (1989),

Motions for disqualification

  •  75 MBJ 934 (Sep 1996),

Remittal of disqualification

Advocate not a member while judge was member

Advocate from firm that merged with Judge's former firm

Advocate is lawyer of Judge's party opponent in unrelated matter

Advocate represented Judge's family member

Associate of former firm who joined after judge departed

Cases involving Judge's former partners and clients

Codefendants with judge in unrelated matter appear as advocates

Financial interest with advocate

Former firm appearing before judge

Former firm associates appearing before judge

Members of predecessor firm who joined after judge departed

Members of former firm arriving after judge departed

"Of counsel" relationship between advocate and former firm

  •  A/O 80,

Part-time referee disqualified from hearing matters presented by referee's law firm

Part-time referee engaging in law practice

Referee who also practices law before own court

Spouse is assistant prosecutor

Two-year disqualification from cases in which former firm members appear

Case where judge has been consulted as lawyer

Discipline complaint filed by party against judge

  •  Clemens v. Bruce,
  •   122 Mich App 35 (1982),
  •   Autoworkers Flint Federal Credit Union v. Rogler,
  •   32 Mich App 257 (1971),

Discipline respondent as party or advocate in hearing before judge who was discipline panel member

Enmeshed in other matters involving party

  •  Crampton v. Department of State,
  •   395 Mich 347 (1975),

Part-time referee, participated in matter as lawyer

Part-time magistrate, participated in matter as lawyer

Part-time magistrate representing court funding unit

Party is former client of firm not appearing

Presiding in earlier case involving same party insufficient alone to disqualify

  •  In Re Schmeltzer,
  •   175 Mich App 666 (1989),

Prior participation as accuser, investigator, fact finder or decision-maker

  •  Crampton v. Department of State,
  •   395 Mich 347 (1975),

"Substantial participation" in case as lawyer

Target of personal abuse or criticism from party

  •  JI-044,
  •   Crampton v. Department of State,
  •   395 Mich 347 (1975),

Will offered for probate was drafted by presiding judge

  •  A/O 17,

Disqualification, Lawyer

Client as adverse witness in unrelated case

Co-counsel as pretext to effect recusal of judge

Divorce consultation triggering disqualification

Firm disqualification if lawyer testifies regarding fees

Firm of commissioner representing clients before commission

Firm of public official appearing before

Firms of lawyer spouses

Initial consultation triggering disqualification

Inside counsel of government entity

Lawyer spouses

"Of counsel" as fiduciary in matter

Opposing lawyers cohabitating

Opposing lawyers dating

Part-time magistrate representing court funding unit

Prosecutor's office employees

Referral as pretext to effect recusal of judge

Representing municipality when mayor is a sibling

Subject matter same as current representation

"Substantially related" representation

US Army Legal Assistance providing legal assistance to soldiers and spouses

Criminal defense lawyer becomes prosecutor

Declining representation against

Divorce and land foreclosures "related"

Initial consultation triggering disqualification

Initial interview by nonlawyer employee

Imputed disqualification after initial consultation

lawyer's duty to prove no conflict

Likelihood that confidential information is relevant

Overlap of factual or legal issues with current representation

Possibility of using confidential information

Representing will beneficiaries against former client, personal representative

Screening new employees to prevent

Firm of adverse lawyer-witness

Firm of lawyer's witness

Campaign opponent is presiding judge

Financial impact on firm of part-time magistrate

Spouse of defense lawyer testifying on behalf of prosecution

Judicial discretion in granting motions

Tactical motions

Divestiture

Business participation of judge

Irrevocable trust establishment

  •  A/O 26,

Landlord to former firm

Officer of business

Outside activities by new judge

  •  75 MBJ 1071 (Oct 1996),

Stock holdings

  •  A/O 87,

Division of Fees

Consulting arrangement with nonlawyer tax appeals expert

Expert witness fee based on percentage

Government contract holder

Independent contractor

Representing new client against firm giving referral fees

Accounting required to referring lawyer

Advising client of division

Agreement for referral fee

Calculation based on percentage of client billings

Calculation based on percentage of hourly rates

Calculation based on percentage of referred cases

Calculation based on percentage of successor lawyer fee

Client consent to referral fee

Competence of receiving lawyer to handle case referred

Computing as percentage of hourly billings

Conditioning referral on payment of referral fee

Conflict of interest that prevents lawyer from taking case prohibits acceptance of referral fee

Consent of client for division of fee

Contract with receiving lawyer

Declining representation for conflict of interest prohibits acceptance of referral fee

Disqualification not merited upon refusal to pay

Duties when making a referral

Duty to provide referral even without fee

Incentive for more referrals

Listing on out-of-state firm website for referrals as advertising

Out-of-state lawyer referring to Michigan lawyer

Probate counsel referring wrongful death action for referral fee

Qualifications of lawyer receiving referral

Reasonableness of total fee

Receiving lawyer responsible for advising client

Referral agreement—new client against firm

Referral agreement with suspended lawyer

Referral fee based on percentage of yearly referrals

Referring lawyer entitled to accounting

Referring lawyer is witness for client

Referring lawyer responsible for advising client

Refusal to provide referral without fee is improper

Responsibility to advise client

Scope of notice to client about division

Suspended lawyer's right to fee

With out-of-state attorney

Cases referred when becoming judge

Referral fees after becoming judge

Referee accepting referral fee

Apportioning trust account interest among successive lawyers

Between law firms

Contingent fee divided with predecessor lawyer

Contingent fee divided with successor lawyer

Contingent fee divided with suspended lawyer

Coupons for legal services

Disciplined lawyer

Disqualification not merited upon refusal to pay

Fee division with law firm

Lawyer departing firm

Lawyers in different firms

Out-of-state attorney

Partnership agreement

"Quantum meruit" defined

Percentage of yearly client billings

Pretext to recuse presiding judge

Receiving lawyer leaves firm

Referring lawyer is witness for client

Rent calculated as percentage of gross income

Accepting referral from investment firm

Agent of lawyer

Allocating attorney fees to class action clients

Attorney fees allocated to class action clients

Commission from real estate broker for referring business

Court awarded sanctions

Deceased lawyer, payment of fees to estate

Disputed fees—court awarded sanctions

Document preparation agent

Door-to-door salespeople of trust kits

Fee division with referral service

Nonprofit lawyer referral service

Out-of-state attorney

Referral fee from insurance agent

Referral fee from investment firm

Referral service

Payment for referral

  •  In Re Woll,
  •   387 Mich 154 (1972),

Real estate customer referred to broker for fee

Senior Citizen's Hotline

Sanctions ordered by court—division with client

Suspended lawyer

Trade exchange of services between professionals

Trust kit salespeople

Using intermediary to meet with clients

Written fee agreement—court awarded sanctions

Domestic Relations Matters

Adjusting fee after work performed

Advertising under trade name

Assault and battery between spouses on contingent fee

Assets allegedly concealed from client

Assignment of unpaid bill for collection

Charging multiple clients for same time period

Child custody representation against spouse of former client

Child support collections business owned by lawyer

Cohabitant claiming property awarded to former client

Conflict with client in unrelated case

Conflict with spouse of former client

Contingent fees for child support arrearages

Contingent fees for collecting past due alimony

Contingent fees to set aside property settlement

Contingent fees for post-judgment matters

Contingent fee for spouse assault and battery

Deed to marital home as collateral for fees

Delinquency matters handled by prosecutor

Divorce case, "results obtained" or "value added" provision

Divorce "kit" services

  •  State Bar v. Cramer,
  •   399 Mich 116 (1976) 68 MBJ 469 (Jun 1989),

Divorce client possible witness in unrelated representation

Divorce consultation triggering disqualification

Divorce representation against former divorce client

Domestic assault fees

Fixed rates for court appearances

Former client's interest in property dispute

Fraud perpetrated against former client

Initial consultation triggering disqualification

Issuing support order as magistrate—subsequent representation

Law firm with nonlawyer consultants

Lawyer as witness in invalidating post-nuptial agreement

Legal services agency conducting pro se clinic

"Loan" purportedly concealing marital assets

Marital counseling service operated by lawyer's spouse

Marital property dispute adverse to former client's recovery

Mediator drafting parties' agreement

Negotiating settlement with represented party

Post-nuptial agreement dispute, lawyer as witness

Practice by part-time domestic relations referee

Pro se clinic conducted by legal services agency

"Reasonableness" of fee

Real estate claim against former client's property settlement

Referrals from marital counseling service

Representing client against spouse of former client

Representing client—issued support order as magistrate

Self help clinics conducted by legal services agency

"Substantially related" divorce representation

Substitute counsel when lawyer is witness

Suit for unpaid fees while representing client

Trade name for law firm

Dual Practice

Ancillary ADR business

Serving client of opposing counsel in nonlaw business

Serving law clients

Waiver of liability in nonlaw business

Setting fees for nonlegal services

Soliciting law clients from collections customers

Accepting law clients referred by lawyers nonlaw business

Disclosure of lawyer's interest in nonlaw business

Disputes concerning nonlaw services may not be handled by law firm of lawyer/owner of nonlaw business

Referring law clients to lawyer's nonlaw business

Office sharing

Selling insurance to law clients

Soliciting law clients from insurance customers

Advertising

Referrals between law and nonlaw services

Supervisory lawyer designation

Trade name

Clarifying lawyer's role

Lawyer as witness in dispute against client board

lawyer's participation affecting disqualification of firm

Appointment as special prosecutor

Appointment to represent indigent clients

Budget control over participants in private representation matter

Commissioner appearing as counsel opposite city attorney

Commissioner appearing before courts within budget control

Commissioner representing clients against housing authority

Commissioner serving as township attorney

commissioner's private practice before local courts

Direction and control over participants in private representation matter

Examining witness deputy sheriff in unrelated matter

Lawyer/administrative hearing officer

Personal and substantial participation

Police commissioner taking criminal cases

Prosecutor may not serve concurrently as magistrate

Public attorney acting as referee

Public attorney handling defense cases

Referee acting as assistant city attorney

Special prosecutor appointments

Representing customer of own nonlaw business

Reviewing title issued by own company

Title company ownership

Conflict screening mechanism

Delegating judgment regarding customer need for legal service

Document preparation service

Door-to-door contacts of prospective clients

Supervision of agents

City attorney/referee

Disqualification

Domestic relations referee and liaison attorney

Government contract holder/private practice

Hearing matters in which participated as lawyer

Hearing matters presented by former law firm

Office sharing

Part-time probate judge/private practice

Representing clients in matter formerly before as referee

Due Process in Discipline Proceedings

Advocate present during deliberations

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Beck,
  •   400 Mich 40 (1977),

Bias in connection between prosecuting agency and hearing panel

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),
  •   In Re Smeekens,
  •   396 Mich 719 (1976),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Baun,
  •   395 Mich 28 (1975),
  •   Withrow v. Larkin,
  •   421 US 35,
  •   95 S Ct 1456,
  •   43 L Ed 2d 712 (1975),

Delay in issuing decision

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Donigan,
  •   403 Mich 172 (1978),

Delay in scheduling hearing

  •  State Bar v. Albert,
  •   390 Mich 234 (1973),

Dismissal when court evenly divided

  •  Matter of Szymanski,
  •   400 Mich 469 (1977),

Reasons for discipline must be stated

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Williams,
  •   394 Mich 5 (1975),

Civil verdict, effect on discipline proceedings arising from same facts

  •  In The Matter of Bessman,
  •   401 Mich 45 (1977),

Criminal verdict, effect on discipline proceedings

  •  Matter of Gillis,
  •   402 Mich 286 (1978),

Discipline proceedings not moot when judge respondent not re-elected

  •  In The Matter of Probert,
  •   411 Mich 210 (1981),

Double jeopardy inapplicable

  •  In The Matter of Probert,
  •   411 Mich 210 (1981),
  •   Matter of Jenkins,
  •   437 Mich 15 (1991),
  •   People v. Artman,
  •   218 Mich App 236 (1996),

Effect of failure to win reelection on pending proceedings

  •  In The Matter of Probert,
  •   411 Mich 210 (1981),
  •   In Re Bayles,
  •   427 Mich 1201 (1986),

Effect of lawyer discipline on sitting judge

  •  In Re Moes,
  •   389 Mich 258 (1973),
  •   In Re Kapcia,
  •   389 Mich 306 (1973),

Effect of suspension of law license on sitting judge

  •  Leitman v. State Bar Grievance Bd.,
  •   387 Mich 596 (1972),

Exhaustion of criminal appeals before imposition of discipline

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Sauer,
  •   390 Mich 449 (1973),

Res judicata, prior civil action

  •  In The Matter of Bessman,
  •   401 Mich 45 (1977),

Res judicata, prior criminal action

  •  Matter of Gillis,
  •   402 Mich 286 (1978),

Res judicata, prior Judicial Tenure Commission proceeding

  •  Matter of Del Rio,
  •   407 Mich 336 (1979),

Self-incrimination Spevak v. Klein, 385 US 511 (1967)

  •  State Bar of Mi v. Block,
  •   383 Mich 384 (1970),
  •   In Re Woll,
  •   387 Mich 154 (1972),
  •   Sternberg v. State Bar,
  •   384 Mich 588 (1971),

Collateral review of arguments in criminal appeal

  •  Matter of Gillis,
  •   402 Mich 286 (1978),

Comparing discipline imposed in other cases

  •  In The Matter of Grimes,
  •   414 Mich 483 (1982),
  •   Matter of Del Rio,
  •   407 Mich 336 (1979),

Cross-examination of witnesses

  •  State Bar v. Murphy,
  •   387 Mich 632 (1972),

Discovery by respondent

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),

Exculpatory evidence held by discipline agency

  •  Grievance Adm'R v. Attorney Discipline Bd.,
  •   No 97692 Mi Sup Ct (2/19/1994),

Failure to obtain documents or witness list requested from prosecutor

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Roth,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),

Inference drawn from exercise of right against self-incrimination

  •  In Re Woll,
  •   387 Mich 154 (1972),

Nolo contendere plea, effect on discipline

  •  In Re Lewis,
  •   389 Mich 668 (1973),
  •   Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),

Prior charges or prior discipline referenced in complaint

  •  In The Matter of Daggs,
  •   411 Mich 304 (1981),

Standard of proof, preponderance Matter of Loyd, 424 Mich 514 (1986)

  •  Matter of Jenkins,
  •   437 Mich 15 (1991),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Posler,
  •   390 Mich 581 (1973),

Characterization of judicial discipline proceedings

  •  Matter of Mikesell,
  •   396 Mich 517 (1976),

Characterization of lawyer discipline proceedings

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Woll,
  •   401 Mich 155 (1977),

Purpose of discipline proceedings

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Trombly,
  •   398 Mich 377 (1976),

Answer, opportunity to amend

  •  In The Matter of Crane,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Kopp,
  •   402 Mich 74 (1977),

Discipline may be imposed only on counts charged in complaint

  •  In The Matter of Mcwhorter,
  •   407 Mich 278 (1979),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Corace,
  •   390 Mich 419 (1973),

Notice of charges

  •  In Re Ruffalo,
  •   390 US 544 (1968),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Corace,
  •   390 Mich 419 (1973),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Fried,
  •   388 Mich 711 (1972),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Jackson,
  •   390 Mich 147 (1973),
  •   Matter of Jaques,
  •   401 Mich 516 (1977),
  •   On Remand 407 Mich 26 (1979),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Roth,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),

Authority of Supreme Court to regulate bar

  •  438 Mich 296 (1991),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. August,

Comparing discipline imposed in other cases

  •  In The Matter of Grimes,
  •   414 Mich 483 (1982),
  •   Matter of Del Rio,
  •   407 Mich 336 (1979),

Complainant's right to hearing on dismissal of complaint

  •  Leitman v. State Bar Grievance Bd.,
  •   387 Mich 596 (1972),

Facts reviewed de novo in judicial discipline proceedings

  •  In Re Somers,
  •   384 Mich 320 (1971),
  •   Matter of Jenkins,
  •   437 Mich 15 (1991),

Errors of fact in panel ruling

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Beck,
  •   400 Mich 40 (1977),

Factors for increasing recommended discipline

  •  402 Mich 501 (1978),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Williams,
  •   394 Mich 5 (1975),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Ruebelman,

Factors for reducing recommended discipline

  •  In The Matter of Daggs,
  •   411 Mich 304 (1981),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Estes,
  •   390 Mich 585 (1973),
  •   State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Roth,
  •   400 Mich 484 (1977),

Increasing discipline recommended by board

  •  Grievance Adm'R v. Hatchett,
  •   440 Mich 1210 (1992),

Reasons for discipline must be stated in order

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Williams,
  •   394 Mich 5 (1975),

Rehearing based on new evidence

  •  In The Matter of Daggs,
  •   411 Mich 304 (1981),

Reopening final orders

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Lane,
  •   406 Mich 638 (1979),

Right to Supreme Court review

  •  Tucker v. Michigan Attorney Discipline Bd.,

Sanction term defined by occurrence of event

  •  402 Mich 501 (1978),
  •   Grievance Adm'r v. Ruebelman,

Standard of review

  •  State Bar Grievance Adm'R v. Estes,
  •   390 Mich 585 (1973),

Duties of Office

Administrative hearing officer negotiating employment with firm of party

Appointing counsel for criminal defendant

Commissioner/lawyer handling private practice

Failing to keep accurate record of proceeding

  •  In Re Heideman,
  •   387 Mich 630 (1972),

Presiding over appeals from court handling unrelated personal matter

Preventing unauthorized practice

Sentencing practices involving designated charities

Sentencing practices involving judicial campaigns